Overview
Meningitis is a clinical syndrome caused by multiple aetiologies causing a triad of symptoms such as meningitis, fever, headache and neck stiffness. Bacteria, viruses or fungi can cause meningitis however, as for bacterial meningitis, the most common organisms are Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other significant features of meningitis are photophobia, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, Kernig, and Burdzinki's sign elicit through physical examination. They do not usually present with seizures, focal neurological deficit or altered levels of consciousness. Diagnosis is made upon CSF examination and MRI. The management includes antibiotics, systemic steroids if needed, supportive treatment and look out for complications such as hydrocephalus and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Some people with chronic illnesses will need prevention with meningococcal vaccines.
