Psoriasis

Overview

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder which causes cells to build up quickly on the skin surface. It is a common skin problem. Most cases are mild but some people can be severely affected.

Signs and Symptoms

Small scaling spots, Red plaques covered in thick and silvery scales usually on the scalp, elbows and knees, Itchy or burning skin, Dry or cracked skin which may bleed, Ridged or pitted nails, Stiff and swollen joints

Common Causes

Problems with the immune system, Family history of psoriasis

Risk Factors

Injury to the skin such as scrape, cut, sunburn or insect bite, Infection especially those caused by streptococcal, Certain medications such as lithium, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, anti-malarial medications, anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen, Excessive alcohol intake, Smoking, Hormonal changes in women especially during puberty or menopause, Having an immune disorder such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Vitamin D deficiency, Family history of psoriasis

Investigation Techniques

Medical history and skin examination, Skin biopsy (Rare)

Treatment and Prevention

Topical treatment such as emollients, corticosteroid ointments, vitamin D analogues, synthetic vitamin A, coal tar creams, dithranol, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus), Phototherapy such as ultraviolet B phototherapy, psoralen plus ultraviolet A or combination light therapy, Oral or injected medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporin, acitretin, dimethyl fumarate, infliximab

Psychological Issues

Stress