Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)

Overview

Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion is a disease where the hormone called the antidiuretic hormone is produced in excess by an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The antidiuretic hormone controls how the body releases and conserves water

Signs and Symptoms

Nausea, Vomitng, Loss of appetite, Lethargy, Muscle cramps, Weakness, Confusion, Drowsiness, Decreased level of consciousness, Seizures, Short term memory loss, Tachycardia, Personality changes, Coma

Common Causes

Cancer: Lung, pancreas, prostate, thymus, lymphoma, leukaemia, oropharyngeal, Chest disease: Tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, aspergillosis,cystic fibrosis, acute bronchitis, empyema, Trauma, Infections: HIV, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Brain disease: Bleeding, infection, neurosurgery, AIDS, prophyria, multiple sclerosis, hydrocephalus, CNS lupus, Major abdominal or thoracic surgery, Sarcoidosis, Receiving hormone medications such as ADH or Vasopressin, Guillain-Barré syndrome,

Risk Factors

Too much tobacco consumption, Drugs: antihypertensives, antidepressants, gastric medications, cancer medications, Idiopathic, General anesthesia

Investigation Techniques

Blood pressure, Full blood count, Serum sodium, Serum potassium, Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, Serum free thyroxine level, Urine sodium level, Random serum cortisol levels, Plasma osmolality, Urine osmolality, Serum creatinine, Serum uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen levels, Blood glucose, Arterial blood gas, Chest x-ray, CT or MRI of the brain

Treatment and Prevention

Treat the cause, Restrict fluid intake, Demeclocycline or Vaptans can be given, Surgery may be required to treat the underlying cause, Psychotherapy and counselling, Living a healthy lifestyle to prevent the causative factors: Stop smoking, Reduce weight, Exercise regularly