Efavirenz

Information About Efavirenz

Uses of Efavirenz

Efavirenz is commonly used to treat hiv infection

How Efavirenz Works

Efavirenz is an antiretroviral medication where it inhibits non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It subsequently blocks the HIV-1 replication through RNA- and DNA-dependent polymerase activities.

Side Effects of Efavirenz

Rash, Dizziness, Nausea, Headache, Insomnia, Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, Disturbance in attention, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain

Authorship

Written By

Dr Mohd Ramzdhan Bin Mohd Masdar

MD (Crimea State Medical University)

Reviewed By

Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli

MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Efavirenz Related Warnings

Alcohol Not Advisable

Rare cases of Osteonecrosis have been reported in patients with advanced HIV disease and long- term antiretroviral therapy. However, it is due to several factors including chronic alcohol consumption. The drug interactions is still inconclusive. Please consult your doctor before using it.

Pregnancy Not Safe

Efavirenz may be unsafe to use during pregnancy. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, however, there are limited human studies. If a woman takes efavirenz during the first trimester of pregnancy, the patient should be informed of the risk to the foetus. The benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk. Women of childbearing potential should undergo pregnancy testing before initiation of efavirenz. Please consult your doctor before using it.

Lactation Not Advisable

In animal studies, Efavirenz is excreted in breast milk but there are limited human studies. It is also recommended that HIV- positive mothers do not breastfeed their children regardless of circumstances to avoid transmission of HIV.

Driving Not advisable

Efavirenz may cause side effects of dizziness, headaches, nausea or tiredness, all of which could affect your ability to concentrate and drive. Do not drive unless you are feeling well.

Kidney Use With Care

Efavirenz excretion through the renal system is not significant. However there are limited studies of its usage on patients with kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Efavirenz may be needed. Please consult your doctor before using it.

Liver Use With Care

Efavirenz should be used with caution in patients with mild liver disease. Dose adjustment of Efavirenz and close monitoring may be needed. It is not recommended in moderate to severe liver disease as there is inadequate data on usage of Efavirenz on these patients. Please consult your doctor before using it.