Ephedrine

Information About Ephedrine

Uses of Ephedrine

Ephedrine is commonly used to treat cardiac arrest, decreased blood pressure, glaucoma, hypotension following spinal anaesthesia, nasal congestion (blocked nose), septic shock, and severe allergic reactions. it is also used to stop bleeding and as local anaesthesia (numb tissues in a specific area).

How Ephedrine Works

Ephedrine works by stimulating both alpha and beta-receptors which results in bronchodilation, peripheral vasoconstriction, and central nervous system stimulation. It also stimulates the respiratory center.

Side Effects of Ephedrine

Dry mouth, Tremor, Anxiety, Restless, Nausea, Tachycardia, Headache, Hypertension, Cardiac arrhythmia, Seizures, Myocardial infarction

Authorship

Written By

Dr Mohd Ramzdhan Bin Mohd Masdar

MD (Crimea State Medical University)

Reviewed By

Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli

MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Ephedrine Related Warnings

Alcohol Not Advisable

It is not advisable to use ephedrine with alcohol as there is limited data on the interactions. Some studies also reported that drinking alcohol may worsen the side effects of the central nervous system caused by ephedrine.

Pregnancy Not Safe

Animal studies have demonstrated that ephedrine can cause teratogenic effect however, there are limited human studies regarding the usage of Ephedrine in pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid ephedrine during pregnancy, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus.

Lactation Not Advisable

Ephedrine is excreted in breast milk and there are studies which demonstrated that breastfed infants whose mothers were on treatment with ephedrine, might suffer from irritability and disturbed sleep patterns. The decision to discontinue treatment or breastfeeding depends on the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant or the benefits of treatment to the mother.

Driving Generally Safe

Ephedrine usually does not affect the ability to drive. Do not drive unless you are feeling well.

Kidney Use With Care

Ephedrine should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Liver Use With Care

There is no data to suggest the effects of ephedrine on hepatic function.