"Hi, thank you for your question. This type of condition is known as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). It is a kidney disorder that happens 10-14 days after a throat or skin infection caused by streptococcus (bacteria). It is not caused by the bacteria itself, but your nephew’s immune system. When the immune system is fighting an infection, it produces antibodies. Normally, the antibodies and dead bacteria will clear from the body after the infection. However, in the case of PSGN, the antibodies and dead bacteria are trapped in the glomerulus (filtering system in the kidneys) and cause inflammation. This interferes with the function of the kidneys.

Symptoms of PSGN include hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), swelling around the eyes or ankles, reduced urination, high blood pressure and fatigue. A diagnosis of PSGN can be made based on these symptoms and some lab tests, such as blood test and urine test. PSGN usually resolves on its own. Therefore, the goal of treatment of PSGN is to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

Treatment of PSGN involves a low-salt diet, fluid restriction, medications to control blood pressure and remove excess fluid and salt in the body, and antibiotics to treat remaining bacteria. Your nephew will need to follow up with the doctor to have their urine, blood and weight checked again. Most people recover fully within a few weeks. But, some children’s condition may worsen and develop complications, such as poor kidney function, continuation of high blood pressure and seizures. Your nephew may have the same condition the next time he has throat infection. But, be rest assured. This can be prevented if streptococcal throat infections are discovered early and treated with appropriate antibiotics.