Hi, thank you for your question.
When tumours grow bigger, cancer cells can spread to nearby structures and tissues by exerting pressure on normal tissues surrounding it. They also produce enzymes that degrade cell wall and invade normal cells and tissues.

This is known as local invasion. When cancer cells break away from tumour, they can travel to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system (a network of vessesls and tissues that help rid the body of waste products and toxins) or bloodstream. If cancer cells travel through the lymphatic system, they can end up in the nearby lymph nodes (small, bean-shaped nodules containing immune cells) or other organs.

Cancer cells are more likely to travel through bloodstream and they can go to any parts of the body. They settle in a new area, grow, and result in new tumours. Cancer spread to a new part of the body is known as metastasis. For cancer cells to spread, they must be able to break away from the original tumour and invade the bloodstream or lymph system. They need to be able to form new blood vessel for them to grow at their new site. They have to escape immune surveillance.

Cancer spread can be prevented if it is detected and treated early. There are many methods to treat cancer, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonetherapy, laser therapy and surgery. Also, you need to make healthy lifestyle choices. Eat a healthy diet with loads of whole grain, fruits and vegetables.

Avoid processed meats, sugary drinks, salty food and alcohol. Maintain a healthy weight and exercsie regularly. Do moderate-intensity exercise at least 30 minutes 5 times a week or do vigorous aerobic exercise for 20 minutes 3 times a week. Quit smoking and learn to manage your stress level.

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